在进行WinCe或者Windows Mobile开发中,通常需要把一些任务提交给工作线程(Worker Thread)完成,当worker thread 线程发生状态变更的时候需要通知UI进程刷新UI,比如一个网络连接程序,Worker Thread线程负责管理WiFi,GPRS或者3G等连接,当连接状态发生改变时候,Worker Thread把更新状态通知UI Thread,而UI Thread更新UI通知用户。
这里常常有个疑问,为什么Worker Thread不直接更新UI,这样更简单直接和明了。但是UI刷新不是线程安全(Thread Safe)的,所以Worker Thread直接更新UI会抛出"cross-thread operation not valid"异常。所以需要Thread Safe的通知方法,下面演示更新短语(Message)的方法如下:
Worker Thread Class
class ConnectionMgr
{
//Delegate for Message
public delegate void MessageEventHandler(string msg);
public event MessageEventHandler MessageEvent;
//the delegate of Message event
private void MessageHandler(string msg)
{
MessageEventHandler messageEvent = MessageEvent;
if (messageEvent != null)
{
messageEvent(msg);
}
}
private void ConnectHandler()
{
MessageHandler("Connected");
}
private void DisconnectHandler()
{
MessageHandler("Disconnected");
}
}
{
//Delegate for Message
public delegate void MessageEventHandler(string msg);
public event MessageEventHandler MessageEvent;
//the delegate of Message event
private void MessageHandler(string msg)
{
MessageEventHandler messageEvent = MessageEvent;
if (messageEvent != null)
{
messageEvent(msg);
}
}
private void ConnectHandler()
{
MessageHandler("Connected");
}
private void DisconnectHandler()
{
MessageHandler("Disconnected");
}
}
在Worker Thread定义delegate和event供UI Thread注册。当状态发生改变是调用该delegate。
UI Thread
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
//register the connect event
ConnectionMgr.Instance.MessageEvent += MessageEvent;
}
private void MessageEvent(string msg)
{
SafeWinFormsThreadDelegate d = new SafeWinFormsThreadDelegate(ShowMessage);
Invoke(d, new object[] { msg} );
}
public delegate void SafeWinFormsThreadDelegate(string msg);
private void ShowMessage(string msg)
{
eventText.Text = msg;
}
}
{
public Form1()
{
//register the connect event
ConnectionMgr.Instance.MessageEvent += MessageEvent;
}
private void MessageEvent(string msg)
{
SafeWinFormsThreadDelegate d = new SafeWinFormsThreadDelegate(ShowMessage);
Invoke(d, new object[] { msg} );
}
public delegate void SafeWinFormsThreadDelegate(string msg);
private void ShowMessage(string msg)
{
eventText.Text = msg;
}
}
UI Thread通过delegate订阅连接事件,当连接状态发生改变的时候,Worker Thread异步调用void MessageEvent(string msg)。这里调用Invoke方法来进行线程安全的调用。调用参数使用Object[]来传递,因此程序可以传递任何信息,UI可以呈现任何信息只要Worker Thread能提供。