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用 Silverlight 开发围棋在线对弈程序(一)UI 雏形

作者:木野狐(Neil Chen) 出处:博客园 2010年01月27日 阅读:

 

Silverlight 开发围棋在线对弈程序

作者: Neil Chen

第一部分:UI雏形

首先,介绍下围棋的简单规则:黑白双方交替落子,以占据棋盘上交叉点多者为胜。同时,双方为了争夺地盘,可能会发生“对杀”。一个棋子周围接触的空白交叉点数目叫做“气”,如果一个或多个棋子周围的气都被对方封死,气数=0,则这些棋子就称为死棋,需要从棋盘上移去。

一个围棋棋谱大致如下图所示(截图自Tom围棋网站):

在上图中,棋子上的数字一般在棋谱中显示,用于帮助了解棋局进行的次序。

下面我们来尝试用 Silverlight 2.0 开发一个围棋在线对弈程序。

首先,我们来创建围棋程序的 UI 部分。毕竟,这是最直观的东西。而且我喜欢边做边重构的开发方式,这样,不至于因为花了过多的时间做设计,而减慢了实际开发的进度。让我们先从一个小小的原型起步,然后不断的应用设计思维去改进它,最终达到目标。正如一部电影里的台词所说的:

Aim small, miss small.

好了,现在大概分析一下:

1.       我们打算在界面的左侧显示棋盘,而右侧是功能区域。

2.       棋盘是由19道横线,19道竖线,以及9个星位的标志组成的。为了方便查找棋盘上的位置,我们在棋盘的四周可能需要加上坐标。目前我们先只在左侧和上方加上坐标。右边和下面的位置留在那里。

对于棋盘的显示,我们打算用一个 Canvas 来实现。而其中的线条,圆点,棋子等视觉元素,只需往其中添加相应的 Line, Ellipse, Label 即可。

我们假定整个程序的大小为 800 * 600 (以后也许再考虑是否有必要支持任意比例的缩放)。现在,跟随直觉,我写了下面一些代码用于构建 UI:

Page.xaml:

<UserControl

       x:Class="WoodFoxWeiQi.UI.Page"

       xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

       xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

       Width="800"

       Height="600">

       <Grid

              x:Name="LayoutRoot"

              Background="White">

              <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

                     <ColumnDefinition

                            Width="0.75*" />

                     <ColumnDefinition

                            Width="0.25*" />

              </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

              <!-- 棋盘区域 -->

              <Border

                     Grid.Column="0">

                     <!-- 棋盘 -->

                     <Canvas

                            x:Name="canvasBoard"

                            Background="LightYellow"

                            Margin="10">

                     </Canvas>

              </Border>

              <!-- 操作区域 -->

              <Border

                     Grid.Column="1">

                     <StackPanel

                            Margin="20"

                            Orientation="Vertical">

                           <Button

                                  x:Name="btnGo"

                                  Content="Go" />

                     </StackPanel>

              </Border>

       </Grid>

</UserControl>

 

Page.xaml.cs:

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Net;

using System.Windows;

using System.Windows.Controls;

using System.Windows.Documents;

using System.Windows.Input;

using System.Windows.Media;

using System.Windows.Media.Animation;

using System.Windows.Shapes;

 

namespace WoodFoxWeiQi.UI

{

       public partial class Page : UserControl

       {

              public Page()

              {

                     InitializeComponent();

 

                     canvasBoard.MouseLeftButtonDown += new MouseButtonEventHandler(canvasBoard_MouseLeftButtonDown);

                     canvasBoard.SizeChanged += new SizeChangedEventHandler(canvasBoard_SizeChanged);

 

                     btnGo.Click += new RoutedEventHandler(btnGo_Click);

              }

 

              // 因为 Canvas 的尺寸是根据父控件的尺寸在运行时计算得到的,所以需要在 SizeChanged 方法里

              // 才能获得其实际尺寸

              void canvasBoard_SizeChanged(object sender, SizeChangedEventArgs e)

              {

                     canvasBoard.Children.Clear();

                     CreateBoardElements();

              }

 

              double boardSize;    // 棋盘宽度(不包含坐标)

              double cellSize;     // 网格宽度

              double starSize;     // 星位的小圆点的直径

              double stoneSize;    // 棋子直径

 

              // 创建棋盘上的网格线,星位,坐标等显示元素

              private void CreateBoardElements()

              {

                     // 确保使用一个正方形区域作为棋盘显示区域

                     boardSize = Math.Min(canvasBoard.ActualHeight, canvasBoard.ActualWidth);

 

                     // 根据棋盘尺寸计算出相应的其他尺寸

                     cellSize = boardSize / 20;

                     starSize = cellSize / 4;

                     stoneSize = cellSize * 0.8;

 

                     for (int i = 1; i <= 19; i++)

                     {

                           // 添加水平网格线

                           var lineHorizontal = new Line();

                           lineHorizontal.X1 = cellSize;

                           lineHorizontal.X2 = cellSize * 19;

                            lineHorizontal.Y1 = lineHorizontal.Y2 = cellSize * i;

 

                           lineHorizontal.Stroke = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Black);

                           lineHorizontal.StrokeThickness = 1.0;

 

                           canvasBoard.Children.Add(lineHorizontal);

 

                           // 添加垂直网格线

                           var lineVertical = new Line();

                           lineVertical.Y1 = cellSize;

                           lineVertical.Y2 = cellSize * 19;

                           lineVertical.X1 = lineVertical.X2 = cellSize * i;

 

                           lineVertical.Stroke = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Black);

                           lineVertical.StrokeThickness = 1.0;

 

                           canvasBoard.Children.Add(lineVertical);

                     }

 

                     // 添加9个星位的标志

                     for (int i = 4; i <= 16; i += 6)

                     {

                           for (int j = 4; j <= 16; j += 6)

                           {

                                  double x = i * cellSize - starSize / 2;

                                  double y = j * cellSize - starSize / 2;

 

                                  Ellipse ellipseStar = new Ellipse();

                                  ellipseStar.Stroke = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Black);

                                  ellipseStar.Fill = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Black);

                                  ellipseStar.Width = ellipseStar.Height = starSize;

                                  ellipseStar.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, x);

                                  ellipseStar.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, y);

 

                                  canvasBoard.Children.Add(ellipseStar);

                           }

                     }

 

                     // 画横坐标

                     for (int i = 1; i <= 19; i++)

                     {

                           var txtLabel = new TextBlock();

                           txtLabel.FontSize = 11.0;

                           txtLabel.FontWeight = FontWeights.Thin;

                           txtLabel.Text = i.ToString();

 

                          txtLabel.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, i * cellSize - txtLabel.ActualWidth / 2);

                          txtLabel.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, cellSize / 2 - txtLabel.ActualHeight / 2);

                           txtLabel.Text = i.ToString();

 

                           canvasBoard.Children.Add(txtLabel);

                     }

 

                     // 画纵坐标

                     char c = 'A';

                     for (int i = 1; i <= 19; i++)

                     {

                           var txtLabel = new TextBlock();

                           txtLabel.FontSize = 11.0;

                           txtLabel.FontWeight = FontWeights.Thin;

                           txtLabel.Text = i.ToString();

 

                          txtLabel.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, cellSize / 2 - txtLabel.ActualWidth / 2);

                          txtLabel.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, i * cellSize - txtLabel.ActualHeight / 2);

                           txtLabel.Text = (c++).ToString();

 

                           canvasBoard.Children.Add(txtLabel);

                     }

              }

 

              void canvasBoard_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)

              {

                     var pos = e.GetPosition(canvasBoard);

                     MessageBox.Show("Clicked on board, X: " + pos.X + ", Y: " + pos.Y);

              }

 

              private void btnGo_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

              {

                     // 放置一个测试的棋子(白子)

                     Ellipse e1 = new Ellipse();

                     e1.Stroke = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Black);

                     e1.Fill = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.White);

                     e1.Width = e1.Height = stoneSize;

 

                     double x = 17 * cellSize - stoneSize / 2;

                     double y = 4 * cellSize - stoneSize / 2;

 

                     e1.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, x);

                     e1.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, y);

 

                     canvasBoard.Children.Add(e1);

 

                     // 再放一个黑子,带手数显示的

                     Ellipse e2 = new Ellipse();

                     e2.Stroke = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Black);

                     e2.Fill = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Black);

                     e2.Width = e2.Height = stoneSize;

 

                     double x2 = 16 * cellSize - stoneSize / 2;

                     double y2 = 4 * cellSize - stoneSize / 2;

 

                     e2.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, x2);

                     e2.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, y2);

 

                     canvasBoard.Children.Add(e2);

 

                     // 绘制手数显示的 Label

                     TextBlock lbl2 = new TextBlock();

                     lbl2.FontSize = 10.0;

                     lbl2.FontWeight = FontWeights.Thin;

                     lbl2.Text = "203";

                     lbl2.Foreground = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.White);

 

                     lbl2.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, 16 * cellSize - lbl2.ActualWidth / 2);

                     lbl2.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, 4 * cellSize - lbl2.ActualHeight / 2);

 

                     canvasBoard.Children.Add(lbl2);

 

              }

       }

}

 

运行一下看看效果如何:

看起来不赖。在这个界面中,如果点击 ”Go” 按钮,则会在棋盘上摆放两个测试用的棋子,其中黑棋上还标有表示棋步的数字。但是,我们的目标是要做一个能下棋的程序,因此,我们下面要加一些控制代码,比如,在用户点击某个位置的时候,落下棋子(如果该位置是允许落子的),以及控制棋局的开始、结束、认输等操作的按钮以及相关动作处理逻辑。

不过,在开始之前,有必要重构一下上面的 UI 代码,因为它看起来比较乱,一个方法里包含了太多的代码,如果这样继续下去的话,程序很快会变成一堆乱麻而难以为继。

由于很多对象的创建过程是类似的,因此我们可以将它提取到独立的方法中加以重用。另外,因为我们需要能够控制某些界面元素的显示/隐藏(比如坐标),将这些对象保存到当前窗体的字段里是一个不错的主意。

我们还添加了一个 CheckBox,用来控制坐标的显示和隐藏。Xaml 中添加的代码如下:

                           <CheckBox

                                  x:Name="chkShowAxisLabels"

                                  Content="Show Axis Labels"

                                  Margin="0,10,0,0"

                                  IsChecked="true" />

重构后的代码 Page.xaml.cs (每个方法代码大概510行左右)

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Net;

using System.Windows;

using System.Windows.Controls;

using System.Windows.Documents;

using System.Windows.Input;

using System.Windows.Media;

using System.Windows.Media.Animation;

using System.Windows.Shapes;

 

namespace WoodFoxWeiQi.UI

{

       public partial class Page : UserControl

       {

              public Page()

              {

                     InitializeComponent();

 

                     canvasBoard.MouseLeftButtonDown += canvasBoard_MouseLeftButtonDown;

                     canvasBoard.SizeChanged += canvasBoard_SizeChanged;

 

                     btnGo.Click += btnGo_Click;

                     chkShowAxisLabels.Checked += chkShowAxisLabels_Checked;

                     chkShowAxisLabels.Unchecked += chkShowAxisLabels_Checked;

              }

 

              #region Fields

              private readonly Brush brush_White = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.White);

              private readonly Brush brush_Black = new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Black);

 

              private readonly List<TextBlock> yAxisLabels = new List<TextBlock>(20);

              private readonly List<TextBlock> xAxisLabels = new List<TextBlock>(20);

 

              double boardSize;    // 棋盘宽度(不包含坐标)

              double cellSize;     // 网格宽度

              double starSize;     // 星位的小圆点的直径

              double stoneSize;    // 棋子直径

              #endregion

 

              // 因为 Canvas 的尺寸是根据父控件的尺寸在运行时计算得到的,
所以需要在
SizeChanged 方法里

              // 才能获得其实际尺寸

              void canvasBoard_SizeChanged(object sender, SizeChangedEventArgs e)

              {

                     canvasBoard.Children.Clear();

                     CreateBoardElements();

              }

       

              void canvasBoard_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)

              {

                     var pos = e.GetPosition(canvasBoard);

                     MessageBox.Show("Clicked on board, X: " + pos.X + ", Y: " + pos.Y);

              }

 

              void btnGo_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

              {

                     // 放置一个测试的棋子(白子)

                    var e1 = BuildCircle(stoneSize, 17 * cellSize, 4 * cellSize, brush_Black, brush_White);

 

                     // 再放一个黑子,带手数显示的

                    var e2 = BuildCircle(stoneSize, 16 * cellSize, 4 * cellSize, brush_Black, brush_Black);

 

                     // 绘制手数显示的 Label

                     var lbl2 = BuildLabel("203", brush_White, 10.0, 16 * cellSize, 4 * cellSize);

              }

 

              // 显示或隐藏坐标轴

              void chkShowAxisLabels_Checked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

              {

                     var show = chkShowAxisLabels.IsChecked.HasValue && chkShowAxisLabels.IsChecked.Value;

                     foreach (var label in xAxisLabels.Union(yAxisLabels))

                     {

                           label.Visibility = show ? Visibility.Visible : Visibility.Collapsed;

                     }

              }

 

              #region Builder methods for children elements

 

              // 创建棋盘上的网格线,星位,坐标等显示元素

              void CreateBoardElements()

              {

                     CalculateSizes();

 

                     BuildGridLines();

 

                     BuildStarPointMarks();

 

                     BuildXAxisLabels();

 

                     BuildYAxisLabels();

              }

 

              // 计算必要的一些尺寸定义值

              void CalculateSizes()

              {

                     // 确保使用一个正方形区域作为棋盘显示区域

                     boardSize = Math.Min(canvasBoard.ActualHeight, canvasBoard.ActualWidth);

 

                     // 根据棋盘尺寸计算出相应的其他尺寸

                     cellSize = boardSize / 20;

                     starSize = cellSize / 4;

                     stoneSize = cellSize * 0.8;

              }

 

              // 添加网格线

              void BuildGridLines()

              {

                     for (var i = 1; i <= 19; i++)

                     {

                           // 添加水平网格线

                           BuildLine(cellSize, cellSize * i, cellSize * 19, cellSize * i);

 

                           // 添加垂直网格线

                           BuildLine(cellSize * i, cellSize, cellSize * i, cellSize * 19);

                     }

              }

 

              // 添加9个星位的标志

              void BuildStarPointMarks()

              {

                     for (var i = 4; i <= 16; i += 6)

                     {

                           for (var j = 4; j <= 16; j += 6)

                           {

                                  BuildCircle(starSize, i * cellSize, j * cellSize, brush_Black, brush_Black);

                           }

                     }

              }

 

              // 画横坐标

              void BuildXAxisLabels()

              {

                     for (var i = 1; i <= 19; i++)

                     {

                           var lbl = BuildLabel(i.ToString(), brush_Black, 11.0, i * cellSize, cellSize / 2);

 

                           xAxisLabels.Add(lbl);

                     }

              }

 

              // 画纵坐标

              void BuildYAxisLabels()

              {

                     var c = 'A';

                     for (var i = 1; i <= 19; i++)

                     {

                           var text = (c++).ToString();

                           var lbl = BuildLabel(text, brush_Black, 11.0, cellSize / 2, i * cellSize);

 

                           yAxisLabels.Add(lbl);

                     }

              }

              #endregion

 

              #region Basic builder methods

 

              Line BuildLine(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2)

              {

                     var line = new Line {

                           X1 = x1,

                           X2 = x2,

                           Y1 = y1,

                           Y2 = y2,

                           Stroke = brush_Black,

                           StrokeThickness = 1.0

                     };

                     canvasBoard.Children.Add(line);

 

                     return line;

              }

 

             Ellipse BuildCircle(double diameter, double centerX, double centerY, Brush stroke, Brush fill)

              {

                     var ellipse = new Ellipse { Stroke = stroke, Fill = fill };

                     ellipse.Width = ellipse.Height = diameter;

                     ellipse.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, centerX - diameter / 2);

                     ellipse.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, centerY - diameter / 2);

 

                     canvasBoard.Children.Add(ellipse);

                     return ellipse;

              }

 

              // 创建 Label

              TextBlock BuildLabel(string text, Brush foreground, double fontSize,

                     double centerX, double centerY)

              {

                     var lbl = new TextBlock {

                           FontSize = fontSize,

                           FontWeight = FontWeights.Thin,

                           Text = text,

                           Foreground = foreground

                     };

 

                     lbl.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, centerX - lbl.ActualWidth / 2);

                     lbl.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, centerY - lbl.ActualHeight / 2);

 

                     canvasBoard.Children.Add(lbl);

 

                     return lbl;

              }

              #endregion

       }

}

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