在操作系统中,利用进程可以对正在运行的应用程序进行隔离,每个应用程序被加载到单独的进程中,并为其分配虚拟内存,进程无法直接访问物理内存,只能通过操作系统将虚拟内存映射到物理内存中,并保证进程之间的物理内存不会重叠,但是进程最大的缺点就是效率问题,尤其是进程的切换开销很大,而进程间不能共享内存,所以不可能从一个进程通过传递指针给另一个进程。
在.NET中出现了一个新的概念:AppDomain——应用程序域,所有.NET应用程序都需要运行在托管环境中,操作系统能提供的只有进程,因此.NET程序需要通过AppDomain这个媒介来运行在进程中,同时使用该incheng提供的内存空间,只要是.NET的应用都会运行在某个AppDomain中。
当我们运行一个.NET应用程序或者运行库宿主时,OS会首先建立一个进程,然后会在进程中加载CLR(这个加载一般是通过调用_CorExeMain或者_CorBindToRuntimeEx方法来实现),在加载CLR时会创建一个默认的AppDomain,它是CLR的运行单元,程序的Main方法就是在这里执行,这个默认的AppDomain是唯一且不能被卸载的,当该进程消灭时,默认AppDomain才会随之消失。
一个进程中可以有多个AppDomain,且它们直接是相互隔离的,我们的Assembly是不能单独执行的,它必须被加载到某个AppDomain中,要想卸载一个Assembly就只能卸载其AppDomain。
最近在我所参加的一个项目中要实现这样一个模块:定制一个作业管理器,它可以定时的以不同频率执行某些.Net应用程序或者存储过程,这里的频率可以是仅一次、每天、每周还是每月进行执行计划的实施,对于调用存储过程没什么好说的,但是调用.Net应用程序的时候就需要考虑如下问题:
一旦Assembly被作业管理器的服务器调用,(比如某个执行计划正好要被执行了),在调用之前会将程序集加载到默认AppDomain,然后执行,这就有个问题,如果我需要做替换或者删除Assembly等这些操作的时候,由于Assembly已经被默认AppDomain加载,那么对它的更改肯定是不允许的,它会弹出这样的错误: ,除非你关掉作业管理服务器,然后再操作,显然这样做是很不合理的。
并且默认AppDomain是不能被卸载的,那么我们该怎么办呢,我想到的方法是动态的加载Assembly,新建一个AppDomain,让Assembly加载到这个新AppDomain中然后执行,当执行完后卸载这个新的AppDomain即可,方法如下:
1、创建程序集加载类AssemblyDynamicLoader,该类用来创建新的AppDomain,并生成用来执行.Net程序的RemoteLoader类:
using System;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
using Ark.Log;
/// <summary>
/// The local loader.
/// </summary>
public class AssemblyDynamicLoader
{
/// <summary>
/// The log util.
/// </summary>
private static ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(AssemblyDynamicLoader));
/// <summary>
/// The new appdomain.
/// </summary>
private AppDomain appDomain;
/// <summary>
/// The remote loader.
/// </summary>
private RemoteLoader remoteLoader;
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="LocalLoader"/> class.
/// </summary>
public AssemblyDynamicLoader()
{
AppDomainSetup setup = new AppDomainSetup();
setup.ApplicationName = "ApplicationLoader";
setup.ApplicationBase = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory;
setup.PrivateBinPath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "private");
setup.CachePath = setup.ApplicationBase;
setup.ShadowCopyFiles = "true";
setup.ShadowCopyDirectories = setup.ApplicationBase;
this.appDomain = AppDomain.CreateDomain("ApplicationLoaderDomain", null, setup);
String name = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().FullName;
this.remoteLoader = (RemoteLoader)this.appDomain.CreateInstanceAndUnwrap(name, typeof(RemoteLoader).FullName);
}
/// <summary>
/// Invokes the method.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fullName">The full name.</param>
/// <param name="className">Name of the class.</param>
/// <param name="argsInput">The args input.</param>
/// <param name="programName">Name of the program.</param>
/// <returns>The output of excuting.</returns>
public String InvokeMethod(String fullName, String className, String argsInput, String programName)
{
this.remoteLoader.InvokeMethod(fullName, className, argsInput, programName);
return this.remoteLoader.Output;
}
/// <summary>
/// Unloads this instance.
/// </summary>
public void Unload()
{
try
{
AppDomain.Unload(this.appDomain);
this.appDomain = null;
}
catch (CannotUnloadAppDomainException ex)
{
log.Error("To unload assembly error!", ex);
}
}
}
2、创建RemoteLoader类,它可以在AppDomain中自由穿越,这就需要继承System.MarshalByRefObject这个抽象类,这里RemoteLoader如果不继承MarshalByRefObject类则一定会报错(在不同AppDomain间传递对象,该对象必须是可序列化的)。以RemoteLoader类做为代理来调用待执行的.Net程序。
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
/// <summary>
/// The Remote loader.
/// </summary>
public class RemoteLoader : MarshalByRefObject
{
/// <summary>
/// The assembly we need.
/// </summary>
private Assembly assembly = null;
/// <summary>
/// The output.
/// </summary>
private String output = String.Empty;
/// <summary>
/// Gets the output.
/// </summary>
/// <value>The output.</value>
public String Output
{
get
{
return this.output;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Invokes the method.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fullName">The full name.</param>
/// <param name="className">Name of the class.</param>
/// <param name="argsInput">The args input.</param>
/// <param name="programName">Name of the program.</param>
public void InvokeMethod(String fullName, String className, String argsInput, String programName)
{
this.assembly = null;
this.output = String.Empty;
try
{
this.assembly = Assembly.LoadFrom(fullName);
Type pgmType = null;
if (this.assembly != null)
{
pgmType = this.assembly.GetType(className, true, true);
}
else
{
pgmType = Type.GetType(className, true, true);
}
Object[] args = RunJob.GetArgs(argsInput);
BindingFlags defaultBinding = BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly | BindingFlags.Public
| BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.IgnoreCase
| BindingFlags.InvokeMethod | BindingFlags.Static;
CultureInfo cultureInfo = new CultureInfo("es-ES", false);
try
{
MethodInfo methisInfo = RunJob.GetItsMethodInfo(pgmType, defaultBinding, programName);
if (methisInfo == null)
{
this.output = "EMethod does not exist!";
}
if (methisInfo.IsStatic)
{
if (methisInfo.GetParameters().Length == 0)
{
if (methisInfo.ReturnType == typeof(void))
{
pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, defaultBinding, null, null, null, cultureInfo);
this.output = "STo call a method without return value successful.";
}
else
{
this.output = (String)pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, defaultBinding, null, null, null, cultureInfo);
}
}
else
{
if (methisInfo.ReturnType == typeof(void))
{
pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, defaultBinding, null, null, args, cultureInfo);
this.output = "STo call a method without return value successful.";
}
else
{
this.output = (String)pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, defaultBinding, null, null, args, cultureInfo);
}
}
}
else
{
if (methisInfo.GetParameters().Length == 0)
{
object pgmClass = Activator.CreateInstance(pgmType);
if (methisInfo.ReturnType == typeof(void))
{
pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, defaultBinding, null, pgmClass, null, cultureInfo);
this.output = "STo call a method without return value successful.";
}
else
{
this.output = (String)pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, defaultBinding, null, pgmClass, null, cultureInfo); //'ymtpgm' is program's name and the return value of it must be started with 'O'.
}
}
else
{
object pgmClass = Activator.CreateInstance(pgmType);
if (methisInfo.ReturnType == typeof(void))
{
pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, defaultBinding, null, pgmClass, args, cultureInfo);
this.output = "STo call a method without return value successful.";
}
else
{
this.output = (String)pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, defaultBinding, null, pgmClass, args, cultureInfo); //'ymtpgm' is program's name and the return value of it must be started with 'O'.
}
}
}
}
catch
{
this.output = (String)pgmType.InvokeMember(programName, defaultBinding, null, null, null, cultureInfo);
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
this.output = "E" + e.Message;
}
}
}
其中的InvokeMethod方法只要提供Assembly的全名、类的全名、待执行方法的输入参数和其全名就可以执行该方法,该方法可以是带参数或不带参数,静态的或者不是静态的。
最后这样使用这两个类:
String output = loader.InvokeMethod("fileName", "ymtcla", "yjoinp", "ymtpgm");
loader.Unload();